Know more

About cookies

What is a "cookie"?

A "cookie" is a piece of information, usually small and identified by a name, which may be sent to your browser by a website you are visiting. Your web browser will store it for a period of time, and send it back to the web server each time you log on again.

Different types of cookies are placed on the sites:

  • Cookies strictly necessary for the proper functioning of the site
  • Cookies deposited by third party sites to improve the interactivity of the site, to collect statistics

Learn more about cookies and how they work

The different types of cookies used on this site

Cookies strictly necessary for the site to function

These cookies allow the main services of the site to function optimally. You can technically block them using your browser settings but your experience on the site may be degraded.

Furthermore, you have the possibility of opposing the use of audience measurement tracers strictly necessary for the functioning and current administration of the website in the cookie management window accessible via the link located in the footer of the site.

Technical cookies

Name of the cookie

Purpose

Shelf life

CAS and PHP session cookies

Login credentials, session security

Session

Tarteaucitron

Saving your cookie consent choices

12 months

Audience measurement cookies (AT Internet)

Name of the cookie

Purpose

Shelf life

atid

Trace the visitor's route in order to establish visit statistics.

13 months

atuserid

Store the anonymous ID of the visitor who starts the first time he visits the site

13 months

atidvisitor

Identify the numbers (unique identifiers of a site) seen by the visitor and store the visitor's identifiers.

13 months

About the AT Internet audience measurement tool :

AT Internet's audience measurement tool Analytics is deployed on this site in order to obtain information on visitors' navigation and to improve its use.

The French data protection authority (CNIL) has granted an exemption to AT Internet's Web Analytics cookie. This tool is thus exempt from the collection of the Internet user's consent with regard to the deposit of analytics cookies. However, you can refuse the deposit of these cookies via the cookie management panel.

Good to know:

  • The data collected are not cross-checked with other processing operations
  • The deposited cookie is only used to produce anonymous statistics
  • The cookie does not allow the user's navigation on other sites to be tracked.

Third party cookies to improve the interactivity of the site

This site relies on certain services provided by third parties which allow :

  • to offer interactive content;
  • improve usability and facilitate the sharing of content on social networks;
  • view videos and animated presentations directly on our website;
  • protect form entries from robots;
  • monitor the performance of the site.

These third parties will collect and use your browsing data for their own purposes.

How to accept or reject cookies

When you start browsing an eZpublish site, the appearance of the "cookies" banner allows you to accept or refuse all the cookies we use. This banner will be displayed as long as you have not made a choice, even if you are browsing on another page of the site.

You can change your choices at any time by clicking on the "Cookie Management" link.

You can manage these cookies in your browser. Here are the procedures to follow: Firefox; Chrome; Explorer; Safari; Opera

For more information about the cookies we use, you can contact INRAE's Data Protection Officer by email at cil-dpo@inrae.fr or by post at :

INRAE

24, chemin de Borde Rouge -Auzeville - CS52627 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex - France

Last update: May 2021

Menu Logo Principal bandeau contenant les Logos des tutelles Wheatamix

Wheatamix

Workpackage 2

Objectives

Study blend impacts on agro ecosystem functioning and bundles of ecosystem services provided.

Members involved

Coordinator: Xavier LE ROUX

Partners: LEM, Agronomie, iEES Paris, BIOGER, CA-FDGEDA, CESCO, ECOSYS

Missions

  • Analyzing interactions between cultivated intraspecific diversity and (i) keys ecosystem services (ii) keys functioning ecosystems aspects. It aims at better understand the role of varietal biodiversity in providing services (including inputs reduction)

Services considered: yield and grain quality (including inter-annual variability), maintenance of soil fertility, regulation of main foliar diseases (rusts and septoria leaf blotch), biological pest control, regulation of weeds, and maintenance of biodiversity.

  • Studying the compatibility among services (including yield and grain quality) and characterizing links between traits associated to blends and bundles of ecosystem services (synergies, trade-offs…). It aims at evaluating valuable services in low input systems to feed the socio-economic analysis of blend use in wheat sectors
Link to the other WPs:

Workpackage 3: Assisting the blend design, basing on the bundle of ecosystem services provided and their interactions

Workpackage 4: Assisting the conception of new breeding schemes

Field experiments

  • Main diversity experiment:

Analysis of ecosystem services on large plots, with contrasted varietal diversity (INRA Versailles, years 1 and 2)

16 varieties are chosen, selected by their contrasting traits (size, nitrogen use...) and representing the diversity cultivated in the Paris region (7 varieties).

Plots of 80 m² are planted with the 16 varieties in monoculture and also mixtures of 2, 4 or 8 varieties in equal proportions. In parallel, the 16 varieties are repeated twice on 80 m² plots.

The plots are carried out at low input with optimal yield objective of 70%: fertilization at heading/flowering time, no fungicides or pesticides, and herbicides on demand, according to the density of weeds.

Expérimentation diversité globale

Main diversity experiment

  • Multi-site experiment:

Comparison of technical and economic performances between four-ways mixtures and monocultures associated (years 2 to 4)

Analysis of ecosystem services on plots with contrasted varietal diversity in different environmental conditions (years 1 and 2).

It is the same experiment as above, repeated in 4 INRA sites in France (Rennes, Clermont- Ferrand, Dijon and Toulouse) and on plots of 7m².
Plots are observed under low and high inputs, defined according to the local yield objectives.

NB: 28 plots are added in year 2, including two-ways mixtures with the most contrasted varieties observed at year 1 (results of WP1).

Essai multisite

Multisite experiment

  • Farm network of "Chambres d'Agriculture":

Comparison of technical and economic performances between four-ways mixtures and monocultures associated (years 2 to 4)

A network of 50 farms selected by 6 Chambers of Agriculture in the Paris Basin (Cher, Eure, Indre, Loir-et-Cher, Loiret and Seine-et-Marne) with contrasting cropping systems and "terroirs".

The composition of mixtures, field management and performance evaluation are estimated by the WP3.