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Genetic recombination creates novel allele combinations and, thus, is the engine of evolution and breeding. We used a novel mapping population to study recombination rate variation in barley and observed considerable differences for most parts of the genome. In this presentation, I am discussing the factors that were associated with this variation. The role of structural and methylation variation in genomes on phenotypic variation is currently studied in many organisms. I am presenting a first characterization of such variations in barley and their association with gene expression levels.